Axial resolution of confocal fluorescence microscopy

A simple analytic expression is given for the axial resolution of a confocal fluorescence microscope. The expression, which is based on the spatial frequency cut-off criterion of resolution, is valid for high aperture optics and arbitrary fluorescence wavelength.     

Landmarks or surveys? The impact of different instructions on children’s performance in hierarchical menu structures

Which kind of instruction helps children aged 9–14 years interact efficiently with a mobile phone? Due to analogies between navigation in menu structures and the natural environment, three instructions providing different forms of spatial knowledge were under study: A step-by-step instruction featuring landmark knowledge of the menu functions to be selected, a diagram of the menu structure providing survey knowledge and a free exploration of the menu, also giving the children the opportunity to develop survey knowledge. Results show a superiority of the two instructions that provide survey knowledge, except for the youngest children aged 9–10 years. This group showed to have lower spatial abilities and is therefore presumably not able to understand and integrate this type of knowledge. For those very young children, the landmark information given in traditional step-by-step instructions is more helpful. It is concluded, that simple diagrams of the menu structure can help children from 11 years on to significantly ease their interaction with small menu driven devices.     

三峡泄洪2￣#坝段位移场的确定性时空分布模型

应用线弹性、粘弹性有限元数值计算方法，以空间多个测点的观测资料为依据，引入测点坐标建立三峡泄洪２＃坝段空间位移场的确定性模型。该模型可以动态监测泄洪２＃坝段在任一组荷载下的位移场，以此分析和评价大坝变形性态。     

量子平面的变形振子实现及其应用

借助量子理论中的Ｂａｒｇｍａｎｎ表示，利用变形谐振子给出了量子平面的一种实现，并讨论了该实现的一些应用。     

Nutritional deficits during early development affect hippocampal structure and spatial memory later in life.

Development rates vary among individuals, often as a result of direct competition for food. Survival of young might depend on their learning abilities, but it remains unclear whether learning abilities are affected by nutrition during development. The authors demonstrated that compared with controls, 1-year-old Western scrub jays (Aphelocoma californica) that experienced nutritional deficits during early posthatching development had smaller hippocampi with fewer neurons and performed worse in a cache recovery task and in a spatial version of an associative learning task. In contrast, performance of nutritionally deprived birds was similar to that of controls in 2 color versions of an associative learning task. These findings suggest that nutritional deficits during early development have long-term consequences for hippocampal structure and spatial memory, which, in turn, are likely to have a strong impact on animals' future fitness (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MCNP模拟钴-60辐照装置空间剂量场

为模拟辐照室中辐照工位外的周围空间剂量场分布,采用蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序MCNP建立钴-60辐照装置模型。以单板源架中心点为坐标原点的笛卡尔坐标系,考虑钴-60源的γ射线非自吸收和自吸收两种情况,研究坐标轴方向上每隔10 cm间距的空气平面的剂量率和坐标轴上剂量率的变化规律。结果表明,辐照室中辐照产品占满辐照工位的情况下,周围空间剂量场空气面剂量率整体较小;单板源架中心坐标轴上的剂量率变化规律更符合二项式拟合函数。在钴-60源γ射线自吸收情况下,单板源架端面坐标轴附近的空气面剂量率明显偏小,且随着空气面远离单板源架,空气面上的高剂量率区域向两侧移动;在钴-60源γ射线非自吸收情况下,单板源架端面处的空气面高剂量区域始终位于坐标轴附近。MCNP理论模拟计算分析对于利用钴-60辐照装置辐照工位外的周围空间剂量场具有重要的实际指导意义。     

Hydrophobicity changes of polluted silicone rubber introduced by spatial and dose distribution of plasma jet

The hydrophobicity of polluted silicone rubber was improved rapidly under plasma jet treatment. It is an important phenomenon of the interaction between the plasma jet and the porous surface, and shows a wide application prospect in the power system. In this process, the spatial characteristics and dose of plasma jet are very important. Therefore, the variation of hydrophobicity of polluted silicone rubber under plasma jet treatment was studied, and the spatial characteristics and dose of plasma jet on polluted silicone rubber were also investigated in the work. The results show that the surface property (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) depended on the dose of plasma applied to the surface. The effective treated area was a circle, and the contact angles changed along the radial direction of the circle. This was attributable to the diffusion of plasma bullets on the surface and the distribution of plasma species. The plasma dose could be characterized by the energy density of the plasma applied on the surface. With the increase of plasma dose, the surface contact angles first increased rapidly and then decreased gradually.     

秦岭山脉典型流域水系分形特征及空间分异性

将分形理论引入流域地貌形态的定量研究,利用盒维数法计算了秦岭地区22个典型流域水系分维值,分析其与流域形态和水文特征的相关性及空间分异性。结果表明,秦岭地区各流域水系在其无标度区间内呈现良好的分形特征,分维值处于1.033 5～1.079 5之间,相关系数达0.979 5以上;各流域水系分维值与流域形状系数呈正相关关系,与年径流深呈负相关关系,与河流比降呈较复杂多项式关系;秦岭山脉南北两侧水系分维值存在一定自组织相关性,尤以秦岭中部及西部地区较为显著,东部地区差异相对较大。     

Growing space—age related three-dimensional modeling of biomass production of hybrid poplar

The Three Treatment Hybrid Poplar biomass experimental plantation was established at Lajta-Hansági State Farm (mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary) in 1981. The first treatment applied was fertilization by three doses of complex fertilizer and a non fertilized control. The second treatment was four European hybrid poplar clones, and the third, three narrow spacing. The design randomization was split—split-plot blocks with two exact replications. Height and Breast Height Diameter (DBH) were measured annually, and sample trees were cut. Some blocks were clear cut at age four, and height and DBH were measured in trees in remaining blocks until age nine. There were no significant differences among the treatments of fertilizers until age four. It was because of permanent water deficiency in the soil. There were significant differences among biomass production of the clones and also the spacings. Always the narrowest spacings gave the biggest amount of biomass at every clone until age four, except the “Blanc du Poitou” French clone at age four. However, spacing was not constant by time in the experiment, because the mortality (self-thinning) reduced the number of trees. As data were saved in matrixes by the situation of trees in the blocks, the actual growing space was calculated (space potentially available) of every tree at every age. The asymptotic Baule-Mitscherlich function was found to fit well on biomass data of single trees at every clone, although its asymptotic value changed in time. The Chapman-Richards function was found to be suitable for computing asymptotic values in Baule-Mitscherlich function. In this way a two independent variable three-dimensional function model, as a 3D response surface, was developed for modeling biomass production of single trees in hybrid poplar energy plantations. The single tree response surface multiplied by frequency or distribution of trees by growing space and age is a new basis for computing stand biomass production.     

辽宁省制造业空间分布的多尺度分析

空间尺度直接影响地理事物空间分布的研究结果。以辽宁省制造业企业为研究对象,利用格网分析、空间自相关以及基尼系数等探讨辽宁省制造业在多个空间尺度上的分布特征。研究发现：从行政区的视角来看,沈阳和大连是辽宁省制造业分布的两个核心城市,东西两翼地区制造业产值相对较低,主要城市中心城区的周边地区是制造业企业分布集中的区域;从连续空间尺度的视角来看,随着研究空间尺度的增大,辽宁省制造业的空间分布由多中心格局逐渐演变为以沈阳和大连为中心的双核心格局,其他部分地级城市仅在10~15 km的较小空间尺度下表现为制造业中心区;辽宁省制造业的空间差异程度与空间相关性的强弱表现出一定的尺度效应, 6~54 km尺度是研究辽宁省制造业空间集聚水平的合适尺度,此空间尺度范围内辽宁省制造业均表现出极大的空间差异,以及一定程度的空间相关性。